Advanced Dipper-Throated Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithm for Digital Image Watermarking

Recently, piracy and copyright violations of digital content have become major concerns as computer science has advanced. In order to prevent unauthorized usage content, watermarking is usually employed. This work proposes a new approach image that makes use the discrete cosine transform (DCT), wavelet (DWT), dipper-throated optimization (DTO), stochastic fractal search (SFS) algorithms. The proposed involves computing (DWT) on cover extract its sub-components, followed by performance (DCT) convert these sub-components into frequency domain. Finding best scale factor for significant challenge in most methods. authors used an advanced algorithm, which referred DTOSFS, determine two parameters—namely, scaling embedding coefficient—to be while inserting watermark image. Using optimal values parameters, can inserted more efficiently. suggested evaluated comparison with current gold standard. normalized cross-correlation (NCC), peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), fidelity (IF) are measure success approach. addition, statistical analysis performed evaluate significance superiority experimental results confirm effectiveness improving upon standard methods based DWT DCT. Moreover, set attacks considered study robustness approach, expected outcomes. It shown achieved utilized practical watermarking, it significantly outperforms other